concession

CONCESSION. In GRAMMAR, a relationship of contrast in which there is an implication of something unexpected. The relationship may be implicit in the content of two expressions that are juxtaposed: The inhabitants were gentle, even friendly; underneath we sensed sadness. The contrast may be made explicit by inserting the coordinating conjunction but before underneath: The inhabitants were gentle, even friendly, but underneath we sensed sadness. The unexpectedness may be made explicit by inserting concessive conjuncts (yet, however, nevertheless) or by subordinating the first clause and using a concessive subordinating conjunction to introduce it: Although the inhabitants were gentle, even friendly, underneath we sensed sadness. Clauses introduced by concessive subordinators such as although, even though, though, while are known as concessive clauses or adverbial clauses of concession.

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Concessive clause



A concessive clause is a clause which begins with "although" or "even though" and which expresses an idea that suggests the opposite of the main part of the sentence.

The sentence "Although he's quiet, he's not shy" begins with a concessive clause- "Although he's quiet " which has an opposite meaning of - "he's not shy" which is the main part of the sentence.

NOTE: " In spite of" , " despite" have similar meaning to "although" or "even though". BUT they don't introduce clauses. They have different syntax. They are followed by nouns or gerunds (verb+ing.) They don't introduce a clause (subject + verb.)
Although, even though:


Study these examples:



"He had enough money."
" He refused to buy a new car."

The above two statements can be combined as follows :
Structure:



"Although", and "even though" introduce concessive clauses.
Examples:



Although it was raining, he walked to the station.
Even though she is very old, she runs fast.
Despite / in spite of:



Despite and in spite of do not introduce a concessive clause. They are rather followed by a noun or a verb+ing form.
Study this example:



"He had enough money."
"He refused to buy a new car."

The above two statements can be combined as follows :
Structure


Examples:



Despite /in spite of the rain, he walked to the station.
Despite /in spite of being tired, he walked to the station.
Remember:



1. Although, even though + subject + verb (Concessive clause)

3. In spite of, despite + noun or verb+ing (Not a concessive clause)

2. There are structural similarities between:

• "in spite of", "despite" and "although", "even though"
  
• "because of", "due to", "owing to", "thanks to" and "because", "since ,"as", "for". (Expressing cause and effect)
  

More on cause and effect to see the use of "because, since, as, for, because of, due to ... "

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